How Does Car Air Conditioning Work? The Full Electrical and Mechanical Breakdown

Car air conditioning compressor and refrigerant lines in the engine bay showing how car air conditioning works

Car air conditioning works by pulling heat out of the cabin air and dumping it outside the vehicle. It does this by cycling a refrigerant between a liquid and a gas through five main mechanical parts, while an electrical system of relays, sensors, and control modules decides exactly when the compressor is allowed to switch on. Most drivers only ever notice the mechanical half, the compressor, the vents, and the cold air.